Learn About the Different Types of HVAC Air Filters
Getting an effective air filter for the HVAC system becomes necessary to keep the indoor air pollutant-free and healthy to breathe.
Filters in HVAC systems are important in maintaining indoor comfort, air quality, and system performance. These components trap airborne particles like dust, pet dander, mold spores, and pollen to prevent them from recirculating through your home. They also protect your HVAC equipment by capturing debris before it can cause damage to internal components.
With growing awareness around indoor air pollution, selecting the right filter has never been more important. But with so many options available, choosing the right one can feel overwhelming. From basic fiberglass filters to advanced HEPA systems, understanding the various types of air filters helps homeowners make informed decisions based on their comfort, health, and system needs.
If you're wondering about HVAC air filters, the most commonly used filters in an HVAC system, or what air filter category best suits your home, you're in the right place. Let's explore the most common types of HVAC air filters, along with their benefits and considerations.
Fiberglass Filters
Fiberglass air filters are most frequently used in HVAC systems due to their cost and availability. Made by layering spun fiberglass over a metal grate, these disposable filters protect the system—not necessarily the people in the home.
They are excellent at catching larger airborne particles like lint, dust, and hair, preventing them from entering the HVAC system. However, they have a low Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) rating, typically between one and four, and are ineffective at filtering smaller particles like pollen, pet dander, or bacteria.
Fiberglass filters are best for homeowners looking for a basic, low-cost solution to protect their HVAC unit. However, they aren't ideal for homes where indoor air quality is a top concern, or occupants suffer from allergies or asthma.
Pleated Filters
Pleated filters are created from polyester or cotton paper and are folded—or pleated—to create a larger surface area. They offer better filtration than fiberglass options and are among the most popular types of home air filters due to their balance of performance and affordability.
With MERV ratings ranging from five to thirteen, pleated filters can capture a wider range of particles, including mold spores, pet dander, dust mites, and pollen. The more pleats a filter has, the more surface area it covers, which increases its efficiency.
Pleated filters usually last up to three months and are available in disposable and reusable models. If you're wondering which air conditioning filter types deliver solid performance at a reasonable price, pleated filters are often the go-to choice for many homeowners.
Washable or Reusable Filters
Reusable filters are an eco-friendly alternative to disposable filters. These filters are created to be washed and reused many times, making them a cost-effective option over the long term. However, they require regular cleaning and thorough drying to prevent mold or mildew growth.
Reusable filters typically have a MERV rating between one and four, so they're not ideal for filtering smaller pollutants. They are most effective at capturing larger particles and may not provide adequate air filtration for those with respiratory sensitivities.
Homeowners considering washable filters should commit to a maintenance routine. Not cleaning these filters properly can compromise indoor air quality and reduce HVAC efficiency.
Electrostatic Filters
Electrostatic filters use static entice to attract and collect airborne particles. They are available in disposable and reusable options and are especially effective at capturing allergens such as pollen, dust, and pet dander.
When air passes through the filter, it generates a static charge that causes particles to cling to the filter media. Electrostatic filters typically have MERV ratings ranging from six to ten and offer better filtration than fiberglass filters while maintaining good airflow.
This type of filter is an excellent option for allergy sufferers and pet owners searching for more protection without sacrificing system efficiency. If you're exploring different types of air filters that balance performance, affordability, and convenience, electrostatic models are worth considering.
HEPA Filters
High-efficiency particle air (HEPA) filters offer the most advanced filtration available. They are designed to trap at least 99.97% of airborne particles as small as 0.3 microns, making them the best choice for households with severe allergies, asthma, or compromised immune systems.
With MERV ratings above sixteen, HEPA filters capture everything from pollen and pet dander to bacteria and some viruses. However, due to their dense structure, they are not compatible with all HVAC systems. If not properly accommodated, they can restrict airflow and strain the system.
In some cases, modifications to the HVAC system are required to install HEPA filters. Despite their higher price, HEPA filters last longer than many other options and provide superior indoor air quality.
If you're asking what the most commonly used filter in an HVAC system is, the answer might be fiberglass. But if you're focused on health and air purity, HEPA filters represent the top performance tier.
Choosing the Right Filter for Your HVAC System
When deciding between types of air filters for HVAC systems, several factors should guide your decision:
Indoor air quality needs – Do you or your family members suffer from allergies or asthma? If so, opt for a filter with a higher MERV rating or consider HEPA filters.
System compatibility – Not all HVAC systems can accommodate high-MERV filters. Check your system's specifications before upgrading.
Maintenance preferences – Some filters need monthly changes, while others last longer or are washable. Choose one that fits your maintenance habits.
Budget considerations – While cheaper filters save money upfront, higher-quality filters may deliver better value through energy savings and fewer repairs.
Environmental impact – If sustainability is a concern, washable filters can reduce landfill waste.
An HVAC technician can evaluate your home's air needs and help determine your system's best air filter category. Whether you're focused on reducing allergens, extending equipment lifespan, or cutting utility costs, the right air filter makes a noticeable difference.
Final Thoughts
With so many types of filters used in HVAC systems, it's important to look beyond price and focus on function. Filters protect both your air and your equipment, so choosing the right one can improve your health and comfort while extending the life of your HVAC system.
Whether you're seeking basic protection with fiberglass, upgrading to pleated or electrostatic options, or exploring advanced HEPA filtration, a solution fits your home's needs. Make filter changes or cleanings a regular part of your HVAC maintenance routine to ensure your system performs at its best.
Still unsure which filter to choose? Contact your local HVAC professional for guidance on filter types, MERV ratings, and installation options. With expert advice, you can select the perfect filter and breathe easier in your home year-round.
CMB Air specializes in offering services like indoor air quality, duct fogging, duct repair and maintenance, thermostat, and iWave air purifier. No hidden charges and fees. Call (813) 447-1443 today for consultation.
